Psi-k - Ab initio (from electronic structure) calculation of complex processes in materials

Working Group 10 - f-electron systems

Axel Svane, U Aarhus, Denmark

The magnetism of f-electron systems has been the subject of numerous studies in the past. Still, this topic remains a challenge with several unresolved issues. For example, many Ce-based materials exhibit complex magnetic structures at low temperature, with various exchange interactions competing with crystal field interactions, spin fluctuations and Kondo spin screening. As another example one could mention the extremely rich phase diagram of elemental Pu, with 11 different allotropes, which till now has not been properly understood. Finally, magnetism at surfaces, due to the lower coordination, is completely different from bulk magnetism, and of the utmost importance for understanding various spectroscopies as well as magnetic devices.

At the heart of the matter is the intricate quantum mechanical nature of the f-electron. Depending on the chemical surroundings, temperature, applied magnetic field and/or pressure, the f-electrons can vary from being essentially atomic-like, i.e., localized to a particular site, to being essentially band-like, i. e., spreading their wavefunction out over the entire system. Present day electronic structure methods are capable of describing both of these extreme situations, with the band-picture being implemented in the local-density approximation, while the localized picture can be invoked either by applying self-interaction corrections or by introducing an extra Hubbard U-term in the Hamiltonian. Real materials most often lie in between these extremes. An emerging activity in these years aims at bridging the gap between the above extremes of f-electron behavior. The aim is to combine the accuracy of ab-initio methods with a proper many-body treatment of the f-electrons. A promising way is the dynamical mean field theory, which incorporates the important aspect of the dynamical fluctuations of the f-electron manifold. Several of the groups of the present Network are key contributors to this development, which in a few years will lead to substantial progress in materials specific studies of the complex magnetic behavior in lanthanides and actinides.

MEMBERS OF THE WORKING GROUP [9 members + 7 others interested]


OTHERS INTERESTED